![]() ![]() ![]() For many applications, amorphous solids (glasses) are preferred over crystalline solids. Some questions being investigated include: Why do some molecules have many polymorphs and others seemingly none? Why do polymorphs grow from the same liquid at rates orders of magnitude different? What determines the probability of one polymorph nucleating on another during crystallization? Such a system helps elucidate the origin of polymorphism and study structure-property relations. A polymorphic system discovered in this laboratory (ROY) has the largest number of coexisting polymorphs of solved structures. Our work aims to discover unusual polymorphs, understand how polymorphic systems crystallize, and use polymorphs as a tool to understand the process of crystallization. Polymorphism, the ability of the same molecule to crystallize in different structures, is important to the makers of pharmaceuticals and specialty chemicals. Our major techniques are crystallography, calorimetry, spectroscopy, and microscopy. In this laboratory, physical measurements and crystallization experiments are combined to understand how different solid forms can result from the same liquid and transform among themselves. Recent studies have revealed new and surprising features of organic solids unknown for inorganic solids. Our study of organic solids is also motivated by their importance in developing drugs, organic electronics, and other soft materials. The discovery of new solid forms provides new materials (e.g., C60 and carbon nanotubes) and new knowledge of materials. Carbon can crystallize as diamond and graphite silicon dioxide can solidify as quartz (crystalline) and glass (amorphous). A key property of solids is the ability of the same substance to form different and long-lasting structures. We study the solids of organic molecules, with special attention to the different solids of the same molecules.
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